BABSMD Medicine Program Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

BABSMD Medicine Program - Personal Statement Example And I will be cheating myself, if I prefer to choose some simpler programs, thus depriving myself from taking up the challenge. Finally, another good reason for me to opt for this program is my belief in my capabilities. It won't be an exaggeration if I say that I am talented enough to succeed in this profession. For example, my SAT's will help in proving my assertions. I received a 2210 on my SAT. On my SAT-II I received a 750 in Chemistry, 750 in Biology, 760 in Physics, 800 in Math II and 800 in foreign language. I have taken 5 AP exams and 3 other APs this school year. My GPA was 4.0, with a top 10% ranking in the most competitive school in New York City. I have been named a semifinalist for the National Merit Scholarship as well. I had a dream to be a doctor since I was very young. When I was about four years old, I often insisted on accompanying my mother to her ward-round during the weekends or holidays, who was an attending oncologist in one of the best cancer centers in China. I was curious about why there were so many cancer patients over there. I was told that many types of cancers could be prevented if we quit smoking cigarettes, drinking alcohol and stop eating unhealthy food, etc.

How effective are the strategies to end poverty Research Paper

How effective are the strategies to end poverty - Research Paper Example Extreme poverty is characterized by having less than $1 a day income; these are those who are unceasingly hungry and do not have access to acceptable living conditions. This is often described as the type of â€Å"poverty that kills.† While moderate poverty is described as those living in $1 or $2 a day, fundamental needs are met but scarcely and through tremendous effort. And relative poverty is a family with an income that is below the average nationally but is not within the same level as those in the middle income range (Sachs, 2005). Poverty estimates published in 2008 showed that approximately 1.4 billion of the entire population which equates to 1 in 4 in developing worlds is living on an income that is not even $1.25 in a day for the year 2005. This is an improvement in comparison to 1981 wherein 1.9 billion or 1 in 2 families are living under the same circumstances. This set boundaries for poverty line is based on 2005’s mean for the about 10-20 poorest countries. And the adjusted estimate which is higher than those previously conceived for the almost one billion getting by for $1 a day based on prices in 1993. This is seen to be an improvement towards the goal of cutting the poverty in half on the base point of year 1990 by the year 2015. Yet, poverty is seen as more persistent than estimated particularly in parts of Africa and other major factor’s lack of data that greatly affects the issue (â€Å"Understanding Poverty†). There is no single thing that is attributed as the general cause of poverty. There are a number of reasons that contribute to the generalization of the reasons for poverty. One is the absence of education which eventually hinders children from being able to acquire jobs that would provide suitable living. Children are needed to help their families and therefore take any possible job to be able to provide food on their tables in a daily basis. Next is health, body decline limits the amount of work that can be

SWOT analysis for Vodafone PLC

SWOT analysis for Vodafone PLC Vodafone has created a very good Brand Image in the Customers Perception, Vodafone has its services around the world and It is listed in the worlds top 500 Brands and ranked 183 in the year 2006 and is published in Barron and also ranked 86th place in the worlds 100 largest companies and the ranking of Vodafone came down to number 10 in the year 2010 for the top 100 brands listed and that is published by Millward Brown. According to Brand Finances A Global Brand Survey done in the year 2010 Vodafone is ranked the 7th Most Valuable Brand. Best in Class Technology:- Vodafone is equipped with the most advance Infrastructural Network round the globe which helps Vodafone deliver the most unsurpassed quality of communication. There are over 200.000 base stations for the wireless signal Transmission and the network traffic is around 700 billion minutes and over 90 pet bytes of data per year, and the peak download speed is around 28.8 Mbps. This is ultimately serving the Vodafones customers to best services in the market. Vodafone came up with a new Service in the year 2010 named as Vodafone 360 which is an excellent service for the customers who are wanting to be connected everywhere and this particular service is perfect for customers who want to access the latest information available on the internet by keeping their contacts in that. Vodafone 360 is connected to the latest updates from the popular social networking sites, such as Face book, Msn and skype, so Vodafone 360 users can stay update from their Friends and latest news. Vodafone was the First operator to Provide DRM- Free Bundles and has the largest Digital music Subscriptions In Europe where are over 500,000 Customers. Global presence and diversification revenue Vodafone has expanded its business in different parts of the world like Europe, Middle East, Africa, Asia Pacific and the United States through the companys subsidiary undertakings and the investments as of FY2010, and Vodafone is the one best Worlds Leading International Mobile Telecommunications company. Vodafone has partners in more than 40 Countries and has the equity interests over 30 countries; Vodafone has a very good prominent market share in most countries around the world including Europe, The Middle East, Africa, Asia pacific and the United States and Vodafone also has a diversified revenue base for instance in FY2010. Vodafone has its largest geographical market and Germany Contributed 18% of the Total Geographic Revenue. And Italy is the second best revenue generator for Vodafone ie: 13.5% and Spain with 12.7% and United Kingdom with 11.2% of share and Vodacom with 10% followed by India 7% in FY2010, The groups other Africa and Central Europe, and other Asia pacific and middle east operations accounted for 12, 8 and 7.5 percentage respectively. This in turn led Vodafone to be the largest mobile telecommunications operators. Prominent market position At the end of 2009, Vodafone has a sizeable market share in the European region with Italy, Romania Germany Spain and UK at 33.5, 33.1, 32, 31.2 and 23.4 percentages. Whereas, the market share in the eastern European country of Turkey is at 24.5%. It is has a truly international customer base of 347 million registered customers as of 30th June 2009. A sizeable portion of it comes from India where it has the largest and growing clientele. It is estimated that by 2010 Vodafones Indian customer base has the capability to grow up to 111million by the end of 2010 from the present 32 million subscribers. Vodafone subscribers and 85,000 employees have given it a market capitalization of  £80.2 billion as of August 2010 and global mobile market share of 7%. Weakness Mobile phone radiation It is said that the exposure of RF fields from the cell phone towers has dangerous health hazards. Some research studies suggest that excessive cell phone usage could lead to cancer. This belief, however, remains a debatable issue. The local health authorities and the World Health Organization agree there is no evidence on the same. The damage though has already been done. It is a problem faced by all telecom operators. Government authorities in some countries have already taken precautionary measure by limiting cell phone usage in school and colleges, since pupils are more sensitive to RF fields. To a certain degree, the cell phone radiation concern reduces the quantity of demand since a segment of the market will have minimum usage. Legal Proceedings Concerned over allegations of cell phone radiation that will dent telecom industries revenues, operators like Vodafone and Verizon wireless have filed lawsuits against groups alleging various health consequences as a result of mobile usage. Health risks have not been substantiated however, there is no guarantee that the actual or perceived risks of RF exposure will not impair Vodafones ability to retain or attract new subscribers, or reduce mobile usage or result in future litigation. The litigation may further affect Vodafones operations adversely than that of other telecom operators since Vodafones strategic focus is on mobile telecommunications. Opportunities Increasing customers and emerging markets There has been a 20% growth in the telecom industry in the last three years with a 4.7 billion subscribers. Emerging markets like India, China, Turkey and South Africa have been improving performance with increasing revenue which contributes to the market share. In emerging markets mobile penetration is around 50% as compared to European market. Developing countries are expected to deliver faster GDP with little alternative fixed line infrastructure. Turkey in the fourth year had revenue growing 31.3%. Vodafone Indias revenue increased by 14.7%. Other Asia pacific regions and middle east service revenue increased by 9.8%. Mobile Transfer Service Mobile money transfer service is a value added service that provided through existing infrastructure with the help of other financial enterprises. It is a growing business with enormous opportunities especially when mobile customers are growing exponentially with an expected penetration of 5.4 billion by 2015. In the coming years mobile money transfer system will become Vodafones important source of income. 4G Introduction 4G is all about improved high speed data transmission. The superior ultra-broad band will improved internet connectivity and therefore better live streaming experience. Vodafone again will be using its own infrastructure to launch 4G. Growth of mobile advertising The increasing trend of mobile phone users, has led the industry to believe that the global mobile advertising market is expected to grow at a compounded annual growth rate of about 40% until 2014. This has been primarily because of the new handsets that are compatible and improved internet connectivity. In 2008 Vodafone ran several hundred campaigns for global brands. A year later, mobile advertising was devoted to 18 operating markets. This potential market will be a major growth area for telecom players. Threats Legal Risks Vodafones groups revenue comes from emerging or developing countries since they have majority of its customers in such markets. In emerging markets however, political, regulatory, economic and legal systems are less predictable. This environment makes Vodafones investments vulnerable and any legal developments are beyond the control of the group. There is also the likelihood of not having achieved any returns in these markets. Increasing Competition The exponential growth of new customers has been due to increased competition. The fierce competition has also led to declines in tariffs for mobile services and is expected to decrease further thereby causing drop in revenue. Competition has also led increase in subsidies for handsets. Licensing is also another concern that the telecom industry faces which may also lead to competition. Delayed Technology One of the hallmarks of Vodafones success has been the innovative technologies which are provided by vendors. The group makes significant expenditure towards setting up new infrastructure for improved communications. These technologies however, do not guarantee that the common standards of specification will be achieved. The technologies are developed according to anticipated schedules that will perform to the expectations of the vendor or their commercial importance. The poor performance from any vendor could result in additional expenditure or reduced profitability. Adverse Macroeconomic conditions Poor economic conditions may lead to reduced spending by customers. They may purchase lower priced products and services from a competitor. Externalities like recession or global economic deterioration will only delay the purchasing necessity of the customer. Adverse macroeconomic conditions will only affect Vodafones sales income. References http://www.vodafone.com/static/annual_report10/business/customers.html http://zprcnet.wwwwang.com/content/20103/1080835.shtml http://www.vodafone.com/start/investor_relations/vodafone_at_a_glance0.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vodafone http://lawyers-law.com/indian-court-upholds-big-tax-bill-against-vodafone/ Jobber, D. (2007) 5th edn. Principles and Practice of Marketing. Berkshire: McGraw-Hill Education

dogs are cool Essay -- essays research papers

dogs are cool. they smell good. they fart, and they eat alot of food. dogs are also very hairy. sometimes their hair is brown, sometimes it is white, and still other times is is black... have you ever seen a dog with no jkcool i sae a ah shf fkfnfa jdf d i sae dj that t you a re so coll fjfja red whit e jbakc are yu happyy eococ rocco is cool collin so conff djfn kljfdkl jgioawueajkljfnkajpoijwlkfv jdfjdsiajfk j fjfj j dfjlkfj ALCOHOLISM   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are many social issues facing the United States today that affect the world in different ways. One of the most popular as well as severe issues confronting our nation today is alcoholism. The question seems to be: is alcoholism simply and individualistic problem, or is it a disease capable of wiping out friendships, families, and possibly much of the United States? In order to fully understand the severity of alcoholism and its effects, one must study the problem from an interdisciplinary level. Specifically, a historical, and psycho-sociological perspectives will help to understand alcoholism the best.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First one must understand what exactly alcoholism is, and whom it effects. By definition, alcoholism is a primary, chronic disease, with genetic, psychological, and environmental factors, characterized by continuous impaired control over drinking. The disease can and does effect all people of all ages, sexes, races, and economic status. This is clearly a horrific issue, and ...

Legalized Marijuana and Law Enforcement Essay

Marijuana is the most common illicit drug all over the world including the United States. It is derived from the leaves, flowers, seeds and stem of cannabis sativa. THC, tetrahyrocannabinol is the main active component of marijuana. The drug can either be smoked or mixed with foods and beverages. In the streets, marijuana is commonly known as the herb, pot, ganja among other names. There are many side effects, both short term and long term effects associated with abuse of marijuana. However, marijuana has also been used medically in hospitals. Legalization of marijuana in the United States has always attracted a heated debate. It is important to note that marijuana was not discovered yesterday. For the centuries in which the herb has been used, it has been completely legal. It is estimated that marijuana has been illegal for less than one percent the period man has used it. The drug is known to have been in use as early as 7000 BC but it was made illegal in the United States in the 20th century. A: History of marijuana The history of marijuana laws in the United States is very interesting. The first law relating to marijuana or cannabis sativa to be enacted in the modern day America was in 1619 in Jamestown in Virginia. For many years, the plant had been in use for various functions such as food, incense, rope among others. It is also interesting to note that the first law related to the herb was a ‘must grow’ law that required all farmers in the colony to grow the crop. A farmer could be taken to jail or punished for failing to grow the crop due to it shortage in the region in the 18th century. The must grow laws were therefore in place for more than two centuries. The government encouraged the farmers to plant the crop due to its importance among the military requirements. However, it is important to note that although the plant was critical in the 17th and 18th century, to an extent of it being used as a legal tender, the public was not aware of its uses as a recreational drug until the early 20th century (Inciardi, 1990). In the mid 19th century, over two thousand acres of land in the United States was under cannabis sativa plantations. The herb was mainly grown for use in the textile industry. However, the situation changed in the early 20th century due to the large influx of immigrants from Central America especially Mexico. This influx was triggered by the Mexican revolution in the early 20th century. Tension was generated between the small scale farmers and the plantation owners due to the availability of cheap labor from Mexican Americans. The situation was made worse by the fast changing world in the after math of the First World War and the event of the great depression. The increased tension as well as the high number of immigrants from South and Central America made resources scarce and the quality of life in American cities deteriorated significantly. It is important to note that when the immigrants from Mexico arrived in the United States, smoking of marijuana for recreation was common in Mexico but it was unheard among the American population. Consequently, the Mexicans brought with them the herb as well as the smoking habit. These Mexican immigrants introduced smoking of marijuana in the United States which resulted into the first law prohibiting marijuana in California (Inciardi, 1990). Other than the Mexican immigrants use of marijuana prompting the first law prohibiting preparation of hemp, there were other factors that influenced the enactment of the new law. Most important was the use of the drug by Mormons who had been sent to the Central American country in the early 20th century. The Mormons came back with marijuana and they were already using it. The churches reaction to this may have had a big influence in the enactment of the first anti marijuana laws in California. Consequently, various states including Texas, Wyoming, Washington, and Oregon among other states had laws limiting the use of marijuana in the early 1920s. Most importantly, the laws were designed to specifically target the Mexican immigrants who were well known to use the drug (Inciardi, 1990). Compared to other states, the eastern states did not have a large number of Mexican immigrants but the problem of marijuana was evident in the states too. Analysts have argued that the drug was introduced by Latin Americans and African Americans jazz musicians. Marijuana is believed to have traveled across the eastern states such as Chicago, Harlem and New Orleans. Abuse of marijuana was part of the jazz music performance scenes. Racism was also an important factor in the enactment of the anti marijuana laws where the white extremists argued that the herb gave the Negroes and the Latin Americans the courage to face the whites. During the same period, there were rumors in the public that the immigrants as well as the African Americans were influencing young whites including children into taking the drug. This was the origin of the ‘assassin’ stories of professional killers under the influence of marijuana. In the 1930s, the use of marijuana in the United States was associated with violent behaviors as a result of these stories (Inciardi, 1990). As early as mid 1920s, the United States supported international conventions that regulated marijuana in the form of the Indian hemp. These conventions included the international opium convention which prohibited exports of Indian hemp to countries and states in which marijuana use was illegal. The convention also required proper documentations that approved the importation of marijuana to such countries if it was meant for medical use. However, the convention did not affect other cabanas products such as fiber which were widely produced in Europe and the United States. It was believed that the Indian hemp contained higher levels of THC compared to the European hemp which was mainly grown for use in the textile industry (Inciardi, 1990). The first anti marijuana federal law in the United States was the uniform states narcotic acts whose first draft was introduced in 1925 and the final draft was ready seven years later. This new law sought to introduce uniform anti narcotic laws throughout the United States. Following the enactment of this law, the Federal Bureau of Narcotics was created which encouraged the adopting on uniform regulations. By mid 1930s all the states had adopted some laws that regulated the production, distribution and use of cannabis products. The establishment of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics in 1930 increased the concern over the increased use of cannabis in the American population. The bureau was headed by Anslinger, one of the most celebrated anti narcotic crusaders in the American history, who argued that marijuana was responsible for the increased violent crimes in the society and irrational acts. The bureau used both the print media as well as the first developing film industry to spread propaganda against the use of cannabis (Inciardi, 1990). The Geneva trafficking convention of 1936 is also an important convention in the legal history of marijuana. Led by head of Federal Bureau of Narcotic, Anslinger, the United States government tried to influence the world society to criminalize all activities involved in the production, processing, distribution and use of cannabis and opium in the world unless it is for scientific or medical reasons. However, the proposal was rejected and only trafficking of the drug remains illegal internationally. The signatory governments were expected to establish systems within their criminal justice systems to punish individuals involved in trafficking of prohibited drugs in their countries. Due to the failed attempts by the American government to influence the international community, the officials did not sign the treaty terming it too weak to deal with the problem at hand (Inciardi, 1990). The marijuana tax acts of 1937 are considered to be the most significant law towards the legalization of marijuana in the United States. The act was penned by Anslinger and sponsored by Robert Doughton. The principle purpose of the bill was to completely destroy the production, distribution and use of cannabis products in the United States terminating it illegal drug businesses. The act also specified penalties to which individuals found in possession of the drug were to be subjected to. Those found guilty of cannabis related offences were subjected to a five years sentence or could be fined up to two thousand dollars. This was all aimed at increasing the risks involved in the illegal business. The act was however opposed by a large number of Americans including the American Medical Association who argued that the act imposed tax on medical personnel using cannabis as a prescribed drug. The act also limited and taxed the production and sale of cannabis meant for medical use. Other than the new acts being enacted, the association proposed that the Harrison Narcotics Tax Acts could have been strengthened to deal with the emerging problem of marijuana abuse (Bertram, 1996). Since then, the federal government has continuously increased its vigilance in dealing with marijuana among other drugs in the country. Marijuana in the United States is today controlled by the controlled substance act which is contained in the comprehensive drug abuse prevention and control act that was enacted in 1970 as an appeal to the marijuana tax act of 1937. However, the act does not distinguish between marijuana meant for medical use or recreation purpose and prohibits possession, production and distribution of large quantities of the drug. Consequently, the federal laws treat marijuana like any other illegal drug with no medical value. Marijuana is therefore treated in the same way as cocaine and heroine. All the controlled substances under the federal are placed in a schedule according to their properties which includes risk of abuse and potential uses in medicine. In the controlled substance act, marijuana is not considered to have any medical value and is rated as a highly addictive substance and therefore placed under schedule 1 drug. Although doctors can use the first amendment to recommend its use in treatments, under the current federal regulations, prescribing marijuana is illegal (Gray, 2001). The Drug Enforcement Administration was also established to enforce federal anti narcotic laws in the country. The DEA has over the years taken a lot of interests in the production and use of medical marijuana. Moreover, the agency has targeted specific individuals involved in illegal drugs production and distribution. This mainly includes the minority races, African Americans and Latino Americans, who have been found to fall victims of illegal drugs abuse. Consequently, the war on drugs has resulted into accusation of institutional racism and racial profiling where the anti narcotic laws were designed to target the minority races. This issue continues to attract debate in the country while the American correctional facilities and the criminal justice systems in general is overwhelmed by the large number of drug related criminal cases (Musto & Korsmeyer, 1996). Although in many cases the drug enforcement administration leave alone cases involving medical use of marijuana, the federal laws have punitive penalties against individuals found in possession of marijuana for whatever reason. The drug is considered dangerous, illegal and with no medical use. For this reason, the courts maintain that an individual cannot defend himself on the basis of medical use when convicted of marijuana related cases. However, in many cases, defense attorneys have always raised the issues during trials. Sentencing is also an important legal aspect of marijuana in the United States. An accused can either be subjected to the federal sentencing guidelines created in 1987 or the mandatory minimum sentence created in the late 1980s. In the federal sentencing guidelines, an individual accused of marijuana related crimes is sentenced based on his criminal record. Under these guidelines, not all marijuana related crimes offenders are subjected to a jail term. However, they are all eligible for imprisonment. The guidelines require that the convicted individual should serve at least 85 percent of the jail term. The length of the jail term is determined by the amount of marijuana the individual is accused of being in possession. Low level crimes can result into a sentence of between one month and one year probation even in cases where multiple convictions are reported. For example, under the guidelines possession of one kilogram of marijuana attracts an alternative sentence of 6-12 months probation while two and half kilograms and no past record attracts not less than six months imprisonment and up to two three years incase of prior record of drug crimes with no alternative sentence. Although the judges continue to be influenced by these federal guidelines in imposing sentences, they are no longer mandatory. However, they are supposed to be advisory to ensure uniformity in sentencing (Bonnie & Whitebread, 1999). Cases involving marijuana are also subject to the minimum mandatory sentencing laws. The sentences mainly target individuals accused of possession of huge amounts of drugs. For example, the minimum mandatory sentence for an individual found guilty of possessing one hundred kilograms of marijuana or cultivating one hundred plants of cannabis is five years if he has no drug related crime record and ten years if otherwise. One thousand kilograms of plants attract ten years imprisonment with no prior record, twenty years with prior record and life imprisonment in case of multiple drug offences. Therefore, drug users and traffickers always avoid possessing one hundred or more kilograms of marijuana at any time to avoid the minimum mandatory sentence of five years (Gray, 2001). Medical Effects of Marijuana The effects of marijuana on the user have attracted a lot of attention in the past few years. There are a good number of studies that are still on going on the negative as well as positive effects of marijuana use on human body. It is important to note that the use of marijuana for recreation purposes has not been widely pronounced in the past as compared to other drugs. While narcotic use dates back to over a century, the use of marijuana has not been very prevalent in the general society until the last three or so decades. Consequently, the long term effects of marijuana abuse have not been very well documented although there are substantial and reasonable hypothesis that have been proposed. It is also important to note that arguably, marijuana has been considered to be among the safest illegal drugs such as heroine and cocaine. It has also been argued to be safer than some legal drugs such as tobacco and alcohol. Moreover, it has been confirmed to have pharmacological characteristic and consequently been used as a therapeutic drug for many years. It has been used in treatment of people suffering from chronic pain, Aids, cancer and other terminal diseases. Research is also being carried out to validate the alleged applicability in treatment of mental conditions such as anxiety and post traumatic stress disorder (Gruber et al, 2003). While looking at the negative impacts of marijuana on the user, it is also important to note that when used in moderation, marijuana does not have as many harmful effects as alcohol and tobacco. The social and economic impacts on marijuana could also reduce significantly if the use of marijuana is controlled. However, this is not possible when its use is illegal. No cases of accidents on the roads have been reported as a result of influence of marijuana despite it being the most abused drug in the United States. Moreover, although the health complication associated with alcohol and tobacco has been confirmed, very few have been confirmed in relation to marijuana. Reports on harmfulness of marijuana on the user have been inconclusive and mare hypothesis some of which are contradictory. Short term effects The active component in marijuana, THC, is responsible for the short term effects of marijuana experienced by the user. The main short term effects of the drug are as a result of its effects on the central nervous system. THC is known to bind to the protein receptor nerve cells in the brain. After binding, the chemical propagate a chemical reaction in the nervous system and produces the short term effects of the drug. One of the most immediate effects of these chemical reactions is restraining the user’s memory as well as learning abilities. After using the drug, the individual feels relaxed and may be very talkative. Other pleasant effects of marijuana use include lifting the moods, feeling relaxed and a change in the state of consciousness. This is why marijuana users claim to feel more enlightened and philosophical when they are high. These short term effects on the user plateau after thirty minutes to one hour and subsidies there after. However, there are evidences of some of the effects lasting for several days or weeks (Moore, et al, 2007). Other short term effects of marijuana include increase in appetite, dryness in the mouth, impaired logical thinking and slow reaction time. Intoxication with marijuana is also associated with nausea, occasional confusion, increased anxiety and agitation, increased heartbeat, loss of memory and paranoia or hallucinations. Marijuana users have also been found to have bloodspots in their eyes, inconsistent time perception and increased inability to carry out tasks that require concentration such as operating a machine or driving. The individual may also suffer from loss of motivation and decreased cognitive abilities making it difficult to learn or acquire new information. In general, the individual’s ability to learn, remember, make informed judgments, think critically, solve problems, communicate effectively and form concepts is impaired when he is high. Studies indicate that the risk of heart attack increase by more than four fold immediately after an individual has smoked marijuana. This is because the heart rate can increase with up to a hundred percent after using the drug which can be maintained for up to three hours. The increased risk of heart attack is also as a result of the changes in the heart rhythms. This risk increases with age and vulnerability to heart diseases (Gruber et al, 2003). Long term effects While the long term effects of marijuana are under investigation and therefore not well known, there is no doubt that long term use of marijuana have detrimental effects on the user’s health as well as social life. The insufficient information on long term use of marijuana is due to the fact that the drug has not been very common to many societies in the world until recently. There is no doubt that when marijuana smokers are compared to cigarette smokers, marijuana smokers consume much less cannabis compared to the tobacco consumed by cigarette smokers. However, this does not mean that marijuana smoking has insignificant long term effects compared to cigarette smoking and therefore should not be ignored. Recent studies have found out that there are more hydrocarbons that have potential carcinogenic effects in marijuana compared to tobacco. Moreover, marijuana smokers may be more exposed to these compounds than tobacco smokers because marijuana is deeply inhaled and the smoke is held for a longer time in the lungs compared to tobacco. This exposes the delicate tissues in the lungs to more carcinogenic compounds increasing the risk of cancer (Mittleman et al, 2001). Studies have indicated that marijuana use increase the risk of cancers such a cancer of the head and neck by up to three times. It has also been confirmed to have a significant contribution in the development of cancers that have traditionally been associated with tobacco smoking. Marijuana smoke is believed to have up to three times as much tar as in tobacco smoke. Moreover, it has over twice the number of potential carcinogenic compounds when compared to tobacco smoke. Logically, this suggests that marijuana smoking has a significant increase in the risk of development of cancerous cells leading to lung cancer. However, scientific research is underway to confirm these hypotheses. Other than marijuana being a recent drug among the wider population compared to other drugs, scientific research on its long term effects has been hindered by the small sample that is available due to punitive anti marijuana laws in many parts of the world. For examples, most of marijuana perennial users are still too young to have developed cancer. However, although there is no prove, long term marijuana users need to reconsider the risks associated with the drug (Hashibe, et al, 2006). The effects of long term use of marijuana in animals’ immune systems are well known. The immune system plays a vital role in protecting the body against harmful microorganisms. Research in animals indicates that the marijuana has a significant effect on the T cells, especially in the lungs. Although this has not been confirmed in human beings, there is no doubt that it affects the user’s immune systems because the animals’ immune system is similar to that of human beings. While it is expected that marijuana smokers too have similar respiratory system problems as tobacco smokers, it has been observed that majority of these problems are more frequent among marijuana smokers. They are more frequently attacked by chest colds, coughs, production of phlegm, and obstruction of airways and higher risk of lungs infections. This is possible due to the effect of the drug on the T cells and thus immune systems in the lungs (Tashkin, 2005). The long term effects of marijuana on the users reproductive system is not in doubt. This is more serious considering the fact that marijuana is one of the most abused drugs among young people in the United States. The active compound in marijuana has been known to have adverse effects on various parts of the central nervous system including areas that are responsible for controlling sexual hormones and growth. Consequently, long term use of marijuana has been found to reduce the level of testosterone and other sex hormones in male. In some cases, it has been associated with increased femininity due to distortion of the hormone system. It can also lead to infertility, reduced sperm count and increased abnormality in sperm cells. Significant cases of infertility in males has for this reason been linked to long term use of marijuana. The drug has been seen to have similar effects in females by altering the hormonal systems leading to irregular menstrual cycles. However, the alteration can be reversed but it may take time. It has also been found to negatively affect unborn babies who are born with an impaired nervous system. This results into children with poor learning abilities, hormonal irregularities, lack of attention and abnormal reactions to different stimulus such as sound and light (Moore, et al, 2007). Long term use of marijuana is also associated with mental disorders. One of the greatest negative effects of marijuana use in an individual is its addictive effects. The ability of the drug user to develop dependency on the drug has always been the main argument used to support prohibition of marijuana use. However, other mental disorders have been associated with long term use of marijuana. They include toxic psychosis which may reach acute levels, panic attacks, increased aggressiveness which the user is unable to control, flashbacks and delusions, paranoia and hallucinations as well as some cases of acute depression. Marijuana has also been suggested to trigger other serious mental conditions such as schizophrenia. These effects of the drug on the mental health of an individual have been the point of contention between pros and cons of therapeutic use of marijuana in terminally ill patients (Moore, et al, 2007). What are the legal guidelines and state statutes of some of the states that have legalized marijuana? The federal and states’ laws in the United States varies in relation to medical marijuana. According to the controlled substance act, the federal systems do not recognize the medical properties of marijuana. However, prosecuting patients or medical practitioner for using marijuana for therapeutic procedures is not a priority in the federal legal systems. The federal legal systems recognizes the fact that caregivers may be compelled to use medical marijuana in certain medical cases which is allowed in some states. Fourteen states have so far legalized medical marijuana use within their jurisdiction while others gives police or judge discretion to allow significant reduction in the punishment given to marijuana users for medical reasons. One of the most published states in relation to medical marijuana is California where the drug is distributed through dispensaries. It is estimated that medical marijuana industry in California was worth two billion dollars in 2008 which attracted over one hundred million dollars in tax (DPA, 2010). Despite majority of Americans and civil society organizations in America supporting legislation of medical marijuana, the federal government has always rejected the proposals. In 2005, the Supreme Court made a ruling confirming that a patient can be prosecuted in the federal court for using marijuana and medical reasons cannot be used as a defense. This law applies even in states that have legalized medical marijuana. Consequently, on several occasions, dispensaries distributing medical marijuana such as in California have been raided by federal officials from the Drug Enforcement Administration. The ruling by the Supreme Court provided an excellent opportunity for the amendment of the law to protect patients and medical marijuana legislatures in different states but the bill was once more rejected by congress (DPA, 2010). . Despite the congress rejecting the proposal to amend the law and legalize medical marijuana, the high court ruling had insignificant effects on the states’ medical marijuana laws. The court did not have the power to overturn or exercise authority over the states legislations. It is important to note that about 99 percent of marijuana related arrests are done at the states level which makes it possible for legislation in the states to protect patients and caregivers. The state laws can afford to effectively remove all penalties against individuals accused of growing, processing, distributing or possessing marijuana for medical reasons. Other states have not legalized medical marijuana but have symbolic legislatures that legally protect the patient in the state legal systems (DPA, 2010). From a wide range of contentious issues relating to drug policies in the United States, medical marijuana has received the greatest public support. The American population is skewed towards legalization of medical marijuana despite the federal government rejecting such proposals. Scientific studies have confirmed the medical value of marijuana in patients with serious terminal diseases such as cancer, Aids, epilepsy and chronic pain among others. There is also documented evidence of marijuana use in treating variety of illnesses in the ancient world. The most comprehensive study relating to medical marijuana was carried out in 1999 by the institute of medicine which concluded that marijuana has potent in the management of conditions such as loss of appetite, anxiety and chronic pain. Various professional bodies and organizations such as the American Public Health Association, the Aids Action Council and the National Association of Attorney Generals have deliberated on legal access to medical marijuana for patients with certain medical conditions. The American population has favored the abolishment of laws prohibiting production, distribution and use of medical marijuana at the state and federal level. Voters from various states have over the years passed ballot initiatives to push for legalization of medical marijuana. Over seventy percent of voters throughout the United States support the proposal to have legal marijuana available to medical practitioners for prescriptions (Cassidy, 2002). The point of contention on the legality of medical marijuana has been whether the benefit accrued is less than the risk involved. There have been many arguments on possible shortcoming upon legislation of medical marijuana. For example, questions have been raised on whether patients under marijuana prescription would be allowed to drive while under the influence of the drug, how to control the quantity the patient uses, the issue of addiction and medical marijuana getting into the wrong hands. However, it seems that this is not the main concern of the federal government. The main reason why the federal government has been opposed to legalization of marijuana for any reason is based on the Drug Enforcement Administration description of marijuana. DEA maintains that marijuana has no medical value and is a highly addictive substance with adverse effects on the body such as compromising the immune systems and triggering the development of cancer. The government has ignored some research that has confirmed the medical benefits on marijuana (Cassidy, 2002). Consequences on Law Enforcement What difficulties would Law Enforcement Officers encounter if marijuana was legalized? Legalization of marijuana is likely to bring about many challenges to the law enforcement structures. This is due to the interdependence of illegal drug markets where almost all narcotics go hand in hand. Although some people have argued that marijuana is safer compared to other illegal as well as some legal drugs, its legalization will in no doubt be a stepping stone drug. It will open up production, distribution and use of other harder drugs which will be problematic to law enforcement. Research indicates that progressive use of marijuana eventually leads the user to harder drugs. Because marijuana is considered a harmless drug, it is used for experimentation by potential hard drugs abusers. After a while, the user turns to other drugs. This will be worse if marijuana is made legal. More people will be introduced to it because of its legality and in the long run, the law enforcement will have a difficulty in dealing with a much bigger problem of harder drugs (Husak & Marneffe, 2005). The law enforcement agencies in the United States have enough drug related problems to deal with. The system ought to have learnt a good lesson from the legality of drugs such as alcohol. Road carnage as a result of driving under influence of alcohol is among the top killers in the United States. The law enforcement has always had a problem dealing with underage drinking and aggressive behaviors associated with alcoholism. Legalizing another drug means added problems. The dangers associated with stone driving will increase significantly. It is therefore wrong to legalize marijuana because it amounts to a victimless crime. There are many crimes that are associated with marijuana use such as violence and aggressiveness. Punitive penalties to deter irresponsible drinking have proved unworkable which suggests that it will be difficult to control marijuana use if legalized. A device can be used to detect drivers under the influence of alcohol, but this may not be possible when the driver is driving high. There is no doubt that legislation of marijuana will increase crime and burden in law enforcement (Husak & Marneffe, 2005). Arresting individuals found in possession of marijuana and other drugs reduces the likelihood of such individuals committing crimes. Drug addicts have been associated with minor and serious crimes such as shoplifting, theft and other property crimes to pay for their habits. Legalization of marijuana means that there will be more of these drug users in the streets and neighborhoods. These individuals are more likely to commit more serious crimes since the law enforcers are not obliged to get them out of the streets. Moreover, majority of murderers, rapists and robbers have been found to be drug addicts. By incarcerating these individuals for possession of drugs, they are incapacitated from committing such serious crimes. Common sense dictates prevention is better than dealing with the resultant problem. If there is reason to incarcerate potential murderers,

Application of Theory: Early Childhood Essay

Every builder knows â€Å"A house is only as strong as its foundation†. They also know that they have to evaluate and become familiar the land before beginning to work. This rationale can be used as a guideline for teachers across the world, especially with the children in the early childhood stage, ages 2-6, because how teachers assist children in this stage will serve as the foundation for the life ahead of them. A child develops physically, cognitively and socially. It is important for the teachers to know how the child is developing in order for them to effectively teach the students because they lack of understanding can lead problems for the child. Additionally, if the teacher is aware of how the child is developing, they can assist and promote the way their students think, succeed, socialize, and understand their emotions. At this stage, teachers can also begin to promote diversity, because most often, it is in the classroom that children of this age encounter people that are different. Throughout an individual’s life, he or she goes through several stages of development, where they are developing physically, cognitively and socially. These stages begin from the day you are born and continue throughout your lifetime and last up until the day you die. Through each stage, there are certain changes an individual is expected to go through. Looking specifically the early childhood stage, physically, children’s grow rate and body fat declines. It is also during this stage that the children began to rapidly develop their gross (running and jumping) and fine (writing and drawing) motor skills. Most importantly, during early childhood the brain and nervous system are growing. It is in the early childhood stage that the child enters school and their cognitive development is noticeable. Cognitive Development can be defined as the growth of one’s intelligence. During the early childhood stage, the child is developing symbolic reasoning and intuitive thought and they are perceived to be egocentrism. From the assignments they receive in class you can see the child’s rationale and how they see the world when they tell the stories of their pictures. It is also because the child has entered school that they began to develop more socially. Although the children initially develop there social skills from their parents once they begin to attend schooling they develop relationships with their peers. They often want to emulate what they see their friends do from the way the walk to the way the dress. They also want to spend majority of their time playing with the other children. All teachers should understand the different stages that a child goes through in order for them to effectively teach their students. Teachers should understand that successful learning depends on properly setting the stage for her development ? creating an open, supportive, engaging environment that meets a child’s social, emotional, and cognitive needs. (Church and Ravid. 2003) When teachers have a lack of understanding of the development stages it can cause confusion in the classroom. For example, children who are at the early childhood stages are at the point where they often display temper tantrums when things do not go the way that they planned. Not knowing this may not only cause the teacher to become impatience but also cause the students to continue the behavior. Most importantly, teachers who do not understand the development stages may not know where the students need to be. As teachers, we must understand that there may be some influences in the child life that has caused the child’s developments to be halted. Sometimes it only takes five extra minutes spent on a subject, extra work or tutoring for the child to get back on track. In my school, I see that more and more teachers are having problems teaching their students and when they are not mastering the material in the manner the teachers thought they would. Unfortunately, these teachers want to automatically have the child placed in a special education classes or have the resource teacher work with them (My school is working on the inclusion style of teaching for students with learning abilities). If the teacher knew much about the development of the students they would know the differences between a child with learning disabilities and a child that has not been in the environment in which they could properly develop. When a teacher fully understand the development stages and know what stage their children are in they will be in a better position to assist in their students’ development. One important skill a teacher a can assist early childhood children develop, especially children in the early part of the stage, is there listening skills. It is important that teachers know that taking advantage of the world of sounds is a wonderful way to help young children develop their listening skills. (Miller, 2001) Students can read stories, play music, or just simply talk to the students in order for the children to pay attention. If it is something of interest, they will often listen to what is going on. However, having children pay attention to the sounds is not enough; therefore teachers mush request the students to repeat what is going on. This year I have decided to incorporate the Arthur ® cartoon series into my classroom. This series teaches educational lessons through a story plot. I have the kids to pay attention to what is being said and ask them what is going on. I noticed that kids that watch the cartoons will remember what is said and the next time they see the cartoon they are able to cite some the lines along with the characters. Understanding the students’ development stages can also provide teachers information that can be used to help students achieve greater success; because, providing a high quality education for young children is a key to a child’s future success. Foundational skills needed to achieve academic success include social development, cognitive development, and physical development. (Sanders, http://www. pbs. org/teachersource/prek2/issues/703issue. shtm) Additionally, the students must have self-confidence and motivation to succeed. Therefore, the teachers must not only ensure that their students are receiving educational activities that enhance the development in all three areas but they must make sure that the students willingly participate in the activities. Some students may not want to participate in some activities because they may be weak in that area and as mentioned before, children at this stage often have temper tantrums. In my class, I often express to the students that it is important to participate in all the activities whether under my instruction or not. I make sure that I call on everyone student and that they attempt to answer the question. When I know that the student is weak in an area I give them the easier questions first and when they offer the right answer I often will say â€Å"I KNEW YOU COULD DO IT!!! â€Å". I also make big news when my students conquer their weakness and make it to the wall of fame and they often continue working to succeed in all areas. Therefore, giving your students praises and encouragement can cause them to strive harder to succeed in class. During the early childhood stage, the child begins to develop a conscience. The child is not only coming to an understanding of what is right from wrong but is often afraid of being caught doing something wrong. Knowing this, teachers must allow students to make decisions on their own. When explaining the rules to the students at the beginning of the year, I often will give each student a hypothetical situation and ask then what they would do and give the opportunity to explain why. By doing this, I am learning how much development the child has in this area. I had one student who had brought candy from home and while I was grading the test I watched him to see if he was going to sneak the candy. He was unaware that I was watching and I surprisingly; he chose not to eat the candy. I called him to the side before the class was to go to lunch and told him I was watching him and I was pleased that he had decided not to eat the candy. In addition, a child needs to have social skills if they want to succeed in class and in life. Helping children to develop a repertoire of positive and appropriate social behavior is a primary goal of early childhood education. Teachers need to coach the solitary child to learn to watch a group at play and then to suggest an appropriate role that helps them enter in. (Coons. 1985) When the students shy away from interacting with the other students the teacher should encourage the students to observe for a will then have them join. I often provide activities where I pair off the students to work together because I notice that it is easier for a child to â€Å"come out of their shell† when there is less people in the class. Each time, I make sure that I make different pairs and by the end of the first month of school each person has spent one-on one time with all the students in the class. Now I am able to incorporated group activities where the whole class is participating and my children are all comfortable in working together as a class to complete assignments. However, the teacher must realize that a child’s social skills will only continue to progress if the child is emotional developing. As instrumental figures in the students’ life, teachers can foster mental health in young children by providing many opportunities for healthy emotional attitudes to develop. Dr. Erik Erikson has made a significant contribution to our understanding of those basic attitudes. It takes a lot of patience combined with good judgment and warm, nurturing relationships to raise emotionally healthy children. But no matter what we do, children are going to feel sad, afraid, anxious and angry from time to time. (http://www. pbs. org/wholechild/providers/dealing. html) Having dealt with Emotional Disordered students, I realize that they are very quick tempered and many small things will make them angry. Although I teach my students not to laugh at each other when someone makes a mistake, there are times when they â€Å"slip up†. When they do the child that made the mistake often feels embarrassed and extremely angry and immediately wants to fight the other students. After disciplining the child who laughed, I pull the child aside tell them that it is totally acceptable to fell embarrassed and angry but you can not express it through fighting. I tell them if this happens again that they should express to the student n words how you feel. The student immediately gives me a smile because I understand and hen this happens to the next time, most of the time, they tell the other kids that they would not like it if it happened to you. This makes it important that teachers explain to the students the concept of diversity and ensure that they tell the students that we are all different in some way; one in which how we learn. Educators must help our children appreciate the diversity and complexity of all people; therefore, in or to fulfill our commitment to diversity and to empowerment of all children and families we serve, schools and early childhood programs need to take the lead in supporting the healthy identity development of this ever increasing population. (Wardle. 1998) Henry Brooks Adams, writer and historian, put it wonderfully when he said, â€Å"A teacher affects eternity; he can never tell, where his influence stops. † Teachers of children in the early childhood stage should especially consider this in the classroom. Their students are at the beginning stages of a lifetime of development and it is at this stage that what they observe and learn that will be the building block for who they will be tomorrow. Our lack of understanding can be the negatively effect their future; therefore would should try to provide a learning environment that will assist in development. As teachers, we have the power to promote critical thinking in our students and assist our students in succeeding not only in school but also life. We need to ensure that our students work on being socially and emotional healthy and understand how diverse the world is. If we do all of this, we are increasing the chances of our student to make it in the real world and therefore have demonstrated that we are effective at our jobs. References Church, Ellen Booth, Ravid, Frann. (2003. Sep. ) Setting the Stage for Learning. Scholastic Parent & Child, Vol. 11, Issue 1 Coons, Phyllis. (1985. December) STUDY SAYS TRAINING IN EARLY CHILDHOOD BENEFITS YOUNGSTERS. Boston Globe. Boston, Mass. Miller, Susan. (2001.Oct. ) 3 to 4: Listening and learning. Scholastic Early Childhood Today. New York. Public Broadcast Station (PBS). Dealing with Feelings: Emotional Health. Retrieved September 15, 2005 from http://www. pbs. org/wholechild/providers/dealing. html Sanders, Steve. The Issues: Physically Active for Life. Retrieved on September 15, 2005 from http://www. pbs. org/teachersource/prek2/issues/703issue. shtm. Wardle, Francis. (1998). Meeting the Needs of Multiracial and Multiethnic Children in Early Childhood Settings. Early Childhood Education Journal, Vol. 26, No. 1.

Heidelberg School of Arts essays

Heidelberg School of Arts essays In the years 1885-1901 art was at a very venerable state. With the stereotype of a male working job was shearing, not many people left an open eye for artists. The Heidelberg School of Arts changed the thinking of the average Australian and broaden their views on the male working class. With famous names coming out of the Heidelberg School like Henry Lawson and Banjo Patterson the public was starting to notice what quality that was coming out of Heidelberg. Summer Sea painted by Frederick McCubbin in 1895 is on canvas and painted with oil paints. Frederick McCubbin has painted a view of the coast with a woman in the foreground. The colours Frederick McCubbin has used are very earthy and the colour of the water is a very dull greenie blue. There are tussocks in the background on a sanddune, which leads down to the waterline. In the foreground we can see a lady sitting on the sand. She is in a light blue gown with reddish orange bonnet on.Frederick McCubbin has applied the oil paints thickly and with a lot of texture. This is to try and bring the painting out for the viewer. Frederick McCubbin has painted this painting to capture the calm and coolness of the sea and its meanie surroundings. Fredrick McCubbin succeeds in this by what he has painted. Take the sea for example, Fredrick McCubbin could have painted crashing waves but instead painted a calm bay with little wind. Fredrick McCubbin could have also painted the tussocks like it was very windy but instead he has painted them still and calm. I think Fredrick McCubbin does this to relax the viewer and to put a good picture of the coastline in their minds. The Purple Noons Transparent Might was painted by Arthur Streeton in 1896 and is on canvas and has been painted with oils. The painting is of a river with gumtrees on the banks and hills in the background. I am assuming that this painting is of an Australian river because of the gumtrees along the banks and the...

Gossip

Gossip Gossip Gossip By Maeve Maddox When I came across a reference to a â€Å"birthing chair† in a historical novel by Barbara Youree, I wanted to know more about it, so I did a Web search and found this: Today, the idea of giving birth while sitting upright in a wooden chair may seem torturous.   But long before delivery rooms, stirrups, forceps and foetal monitors, a woman gave birth at home in a chair with the aid of her midwife and other female friends, relatives and neighbours. These women were known as the ‘gossips’, for they spread the word to all the women in the community when another went into labour. What distracted my attention from the birthing chair was the explanation of the word gossips. The modern definition of â€Å"a gossip† is a person who spreads information about other people, but that is a later development of the word gossip. The â€Å"gossips† who helped a friend give birth in the old days got their name another way. The noun gossip comes from Old English godsibb, â€Å"godparent.† The element sib means â€Å"kinsman, relation by blood.† The word survives in modern English sibling, â€Å"each of two or more children of a common parent or parents.† The word sib itself survives in Scottish dialect, as in the proverb, â€Å"All Stuarts are not sib,† (i.e., â€Å"just because you have the same name as someone famous doesn’t mean that you’re related.†) Nowadays children who are baptized ordinarily have only two godparents, but in earlier times a child might have several. Joan of Arc, for example, had at least eight. And even in this century, Prince George of Cambridge has been provided with seven. In time the noun gossip expanded to mean any close friend, man or woman, but especially the women present to help at a birth. Any activity that involves waiting for something to happen is going to call forth plenty of idle talk, so it wasn’t much of a leap for gossip to take on its present meaning. From the noun comes the verb to gossip, â€Å"to tell tales or spread rumors.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:4 Types of Gerunds and Gerund PhrasesProbable vs. PossibleHow Do You Pronounce "Often"?

Immanuel Kant Ethical Theory Part A

Utilitarianism Utilitarianism is a normative ethical theory. According to Bentham, the utilitarian principle discloses that the action of morally right when it promotes the maximum happiness for a majority of the citizens (Dion, 2012, p. 10). Therefore, utilitarianism can be expressed by, the greatest good for the highest number. In Ted 's situation, utilitarianism theory explains option in paying the inspector $500.00 would be most preferable as it will maximise happiness for Ted, his employees and the inspector. Kantian Ethics Kant 's ethical theory is deontological theory. In deontological theories actions are evaluated as ethical or unethical based on one duty. Kantian ethics theory includes duty for the sake of duty regardless to human happiness, unlike utilitarianism. Immanuel Kant defined duty as â€Å"the action which is objectively practical according to this law and excludes inclination from its determining grounds is called duty† (Kant, 1956, p. 83). According to Kant, all acts have a maxim. Maxim is a rule or principle. He mentions, â€Å"So act that the maxim of your will could always hold at the same time as principle establishing universal law† (Kant, 1956, p. 30). He makes an effort to provide a universal law which is correct under any conditions for everybody. Therefore, it can be concluded that Kantian ethics emphasises a universal morality. According to Kantian ethics, action is ethical if it 's satisfied the categorical imperative test (Strategies,The easy accessibility of pornography and long term exposure to it from an early age can lead to damaging views about women or even correlate with violence and sex crimes. Young males especially are targeted and pressured by peers and society to consume porn and throughout time, may become desensitized to the brutality, violence and degradation depicted in it. Now that does not necessarily mean every male will go out and commit a sex crime, but it has been studied that males who view porn frequently have less empathy for rape victims and may exhibit aggressive behavior and or hold negative opinions about women. In order for these increasingly negative attitudes towards women, the policies and regulations surrounding how easy it is to find porn, very much need to be altered. Pornography can play a major role in affecting the brains of young males who watch it, and by result can influence them to be violent towards women. As technology has progressed and with the internet flourishing over the past 20 years, in comes the inevitable chance of finding porn. A computer with internet access can typically be found in almost every household in the country, and thus –the increase of porn exposure. For males in particular who are more likely to search for it, pornography becomes available at every corner of the web by a simple Google search to a free porn site, or even in advertisements. The porn exposure typically begins at an early age, â€Å"9 out of 10 boys are exposed to pornographyWilliam Blake The Tyger And Walt Whitman Poetry The two poems that have to deal with the philosophies of human nature are William Blake’s â€Å"The Tyger† and Walt Whitman’s â€Å"Song of Myself.† Blake’s poem is based off the Romantics and Walt Whitman is an American Naturalist that is based off free verse a form that he created. William Blake’s poetry is considered through the Romantics era and they access through the sublime. The Romantics poetry through the sublime is beyond comprehension and spiritual fullness. A major common theme is a nature (agnostic religion). In William Blake’s poem â€Å"The Tyger† he describes the tiger as a creature that was created by a higher power some time before. In Blake’s poem he questions, â€Å"What immortal hand or eye/ Dare frame thy fearful symmetry?† (Blake 22-23). He describes the tiger as a form of symmetry that can be seen as evil, yet have intriguing features such as those that make the tiger a beautiful creation. Blake also questions if that the higher being who created the tiger also created all else around the world such as a human being. Blake shifts his first stanzas from the tiger to the creator. Not only is he questioning who created the tiger, but he is also describing the beauty and evil of the world. The beauty that the Romantics believe in is nature and one evil seen through the world is materialism that distract humans from the beauty of nature 's gifts. He believes that people lose touch with spirituality when haven’t given to nature. Blake also illustrated his own works throughMod2 Week 1 Hand in Assignment Review of Oviatt and... MOD2 WEEK 1 HAND IN ASSIGNMENT REVIEW OF OVIATT AND McDOUGAL'S "Toward a Theory of International New Ventures" Oviatt and Mcdougall in their paper, Toward a Theory of International New Ventures, tried to identify and define International New Ventures in the context of the global marketplace. Their work gained global acclaim in its bid to pose questions about the validity of existing theory on internalization. A decade later, Zahra’s work titled â€Å"A theory of international new ventures: A decade of research† attempts to build on prominent aspects of the work of Oviatt and McDougall with the hope of highlighting their important contributions to the field of international new ventures. I will attempt to highlight the areas where Zahra’s work To understand whether the actions carried out was rational or whether it did more harm or good, it is necessary to review the development of RDS in a preterm baby. Neonatal RDS is a condition of increasing respiratory distress commencing at or shortly after birth (BAPM-2006). It’s the single most important cause of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants (Greenough, et al 2004). Typically RDS affects preterm infants with the incidence being inversely proportional to the gestational age (Stewart 2005) Approximately 60% of those born before 28 weeks gestation are affected (Fraser, et al 2004) Incidence also increases in infants of diabetic mothers those born via elective caesarean section (Fraser, et al 2004) and perinatal asphyxia (Rodriguez, 2003). RDS is characterised by tachypnoea, nasal flaring, intercostal and sub costal in drawing with sternal retraction and a predominantly a diaphragmatic breathing pattern and a characteristic expiratory grunt or moan and cyanosis without oxygen, all persisting within 4-6 hours of delivery. Diagnosis can be confirmed by history, blood gases showing impaired respiratory function and an X-ray film showing ground glass appearance and air bronchograms (Fraser, et al 2004) RDS is caused by a defective or delayed production of surfactant in structurally immature lungs. Surfactant is a complex mixture of phospholipids and proteins secreted by the typeThroughout recent history, our planet’s climate and environment has slowly been changing due to the many effects of global warming. Unfortunately, global warming has been an ongoing issue for decades. Between 1956 - 2005, the average Earth’s temperature rose .13 degrees Celsius per decade (Amadeo, par. 1). Not only did the average temperature of the climate increase, but the average temperature of the ocean increased as well. Ever since 1978, the ice caps have been melting at a rate of 2.7% per decade (Amadeo, par. 2). Climate change has been a constant reminder of our planetary warming. Even though these problems have been present for so long, people are not realizing the gravity of this issue. Global warming and sea level rise are not only causing the climate to change; they are also negative ly affecting organisms and habitats, the economy, and various coastal regions. It is undeniable that our planet is changing and getting warmer. The temperatures are rising; ice caps and glaciers are melting; sea levels are increasing, and natural disasters have been occurring more and more frequently. Years ago, scientists assumed that if planetary warming could be maintained below two degrees Celsius, perils such as sea level rise could be avoided (Carey, par. 1). However, it seems that this indication wasn’t exactly the case. Ongoing research suggests that three global feedback mechanisms seem to be pushing the earth into a more rapid period of climate change: altered ocean

Turkish Lobby in the European Union Case Study

Turkish Lobby in the European Union - Case Study Example Such a situation arose because rulers cannot be expected to know all the problems faced by their subjects. Hence, people have used various methods by which their views can be heard and understood by whatever power that governs them. This process developed to a situation where a group of influential persons were able to make a ruler comply to their wishes. This process known to the modern world as lobbying has been going on ever since a structured form of governance has existed. At present, lobbying plays a powerful role in influencing decisions of governments across the world. This process has developed to such an extent that a powerful lobby can influence even the governments of other countries. This paper is an attempt at studying the lobbying process that exists in Turkey with regard to the European Union. Turkey, has been trying to get full membership in the Union for a long time. In fact, the process started way back in September1959 when Turkey applied for an associate membersh ip in what was the European Economic Council (EEC). (EU Turkey Relations 2004). The timeline for the accession process is given here. After four years, in September 1963, the Ankara Agreement came into force where Turkey is to be taken into the Customs Union and also for full membership in the EEC. A financial protocol is also signed during this period. In 1970 an Additional Protocol and a second financial protocol is made and signed. This was in September of that year in Brussels. Both these were regarding the setting up of the Customs Union. Before accession could take place, Turkey invaded Cyprus in 1974 and this created problems for accession since Cyprus was also a part of Europe. A military coup in the country on September 12, 1980 worsened the relationship between the Community and Turkey still further. Even so, the Community agreed to decrease customs duties gradually until it was to be removed totally, on Turkish agricultural products by the year 1987. The membership proces s came to a standstill until it was revived by the Turkish EEC Association Council in 1986. On April 14th 1987, turkey applies for full membership in the council instead of an Associate member. It took two years, until December 1989 for the

Provide a concise account of the fundamental legal, ethical and Essay

Provide a concise account of the fundamental legal, ethical and professional practice aspects of nursing drug administration - Essay Example The safe and efficient administration of medication is one of the key responsibilities of the professional nurse. The practice of drug administration involves providing the patient with a substance prescribed and intended for the diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of a medical illness or condition (Hopkins, 1999). Although, effective drug administration involves the actual and complete conveyance of a prescribed medication to the patient, however, there is wider set of practices required to achieve safe, effective patient outcomes and to prepare for and evaluate the outcome of medication administration (Potter and Anne, 1997; Taylor et al, 1997). Because nurses administer prescribed drugs directly to patients, they happen to be the last link in the safe and effective drug prescription and administration sequence. Increased acuity of the patient nurses have to serve and the apparent reduction in the volume of resources available to nurses to ensure safe and effective practice, have greatly complicated the role of the nurse in drug administration (Cook, 2002). The purpose of this paper is therefore, to examine the legal, ethical and professional requirements of safe nursing drug administration. According to the NMC Guidelines for the Administration of Medicines, administration of medicines is a vital part of the professional duty of the nurse. It is not, however, a function that can be carried out ‘mechanically’ or following orders, but should be seen as a task that must be carried out in strict compliance with the written prescription of a medical practitioner. More importantly, it is task that requires thought and the exercise of professional judgement (NMC, 2002:3). Drug administration play a crucial role in achieving positive patient outcomes and despite the complexities involved with safely administering medications to patients, the professional nurse is duty-bound to do everything within her professional capacity to ensure this. The NMC code of

Case study, starbucks corporation Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

, starbucks corporation - Case Study Example The mission statement of a company is a very important tool in its marketing. Starbucks mission states "to inspire and nurture the human spirit-one person, one cup and one neighborhood at a time" (Grundey, 2010). In other words, the company did not focus on serving great coffee but to have the customers engaged at emotional level. As explained by one of the company’s most successful managers, one that saw the most positive change in the success of the company, Starbucks was not in the coffee business to serve people but in the people business to serve coffee (Levi & Linton, 2003). In other words, the company sought to create a home away from home such that people had another place other than their workplace or their home where they could socialize and share their experiences as they drunk excellent coffee. It puts a lot of emphasis on sourcing the best coffee from the market. The company promoted not only the lives of those who supplied the coffee but roasted the coffee to ensure that its quality was superb. Maintaining topnotch quality coffee berries and proper manufacturing meant that people could bet on continued quality of the drink. That way, the stores remained favorite spots for the people. Starbucks also focused on employee involvement. In other words, there had to be a good environment for the customers whenever they visited the coffee shop. For this reason, the employees had to be excellent team members and had to be above average in terms of customer relations. Unlike most companies today, Starbucks did not focus on profits only. The company takes seriously the virtue of good neighborhood. In the stores, it did not matter the customers background or their color of the skin. Starbucks focused on being good to the community at large and to bring together partners, customers, and the whole community. Starbucks strategies had a lot of impact on the performance of the company. It is normal for some companies

Situation 1 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Situation 1 - Coursework Example Lugar was inspired by the personal experience he got when helping out his mom with her garage sale. Prior work experience might also contribute in Lugar’s idea. Through his experience with other garage sales in the area, Lugar believed that he had the capability to offer new services to people regarding garage sales. Lugar’s start up idea is worth trying. The fact that Lugar has good pricing insights and is ready to use advertising to make his business feasible and successful gives him an upper hand in the area. Using pricing strategies for the garage sales idea is an important service differentiation method that can offer superior performance and thus, competitive advantage in the market. Wise pricing will help customers happy because they will maximize their profits and risk of not selling the garage items. Lugar’s pricing strategy might help ensure customer loyalty thus make the concept successful. However, before developing the concept into a business plan Lugar needs to conduct a feasibility analysis to assess the probability of the business becoming successful (Longenecker, Petty, Hoy, & Palich,

Crimnal Justice Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Crimnal Justice - Coursework Example This might be plausible given the hip-hop war tension that was between the west and east coast. Poole believes the hit was organized by Reggie Wright. The other fact is that after the murder a called was placed to the police accusing a rogue LAPD officer Mack. Police found a gun that matches the one was the used to kill Biggie in Mack’s home. He had a Tupac Shakur shrine. Most witnesses claim the murderer wore a blue jacket that was common for the Crips that provided security for a company that B.I.G owed money. Another witness disputed this claim by saying B.I.G did not use many bodyguards. The witnesses who could support the prosecution case are the ones who gave testimonies on the killer wear blue caps. All the witnesses who could describe the murder very well should join prosecution. The informant who claims Suge Knight Order the hit and the one who believes LAPD officer Mack was responsible for the shooting. The witness who disputes the shooter being a real Muslim should on the prosecution. He says, â€Å"He dressed like a Muslim but he was not a Muslim, he was a cop.† The trial process for the murder of Christopher Wallace should take long. The trial will begin by the prosecution presenting evidence to support claims that the death of Christopher Wallace is connected to the hip-hop war and a rogue LAPD Officer. The prosecution would present witness that can give clear testimonies to dispute theories that involve drugs and Muslim shooting. The opening statement for the prosecution would go like this, â€Å"It is unfortunate that today we are here to seek justice for the murder of Christopher Wallace. I call upon this court to act to let the family of the victim feel and understand that justice is real. The case is surrounded by so much controversy, but I am certain my team will produce enough evidence to help the court make the right decision.† The prosecution should focus on asking questions that seek to

Case study, starbucks corporation Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

, starbucks corporation - Case Study Example The mission statement of a company is a very important tool in its marketing. Starbucks mission states "to inspire and nurture the human spirit-one person, one cup and one neighborhood at a time" (Grundey, 2010). In other words, the company did not focus on serving great coffee but to have the customers engaged at emotional level. As explained by one of the company’s most successful managers, one that saw the most positive change in the success of the company, Starbucks was not in the coffee business to serve people but in the people business to serve coffee (Levi & Linton, 2003). In other words, the company sought to create a home away from home such that people had another place other than their workplace or their home where they could socialize and share their experiences as they drunk excellent coffee. It puts a lot of emphasis on sourcing the best coffee from the market. The company promoted not only the lives of those who supplied the coffee but roasted the coffee to ensure that its quality was superb. Maintaining topnotch quality coffee berries and proper manufacturing meant that people could bet on continued quality of the drink. That way, the stores remained favorite spots for the people. Starbucks also focused on employee involvement. In other words, there had to be a good environment for the customers whenever they visited the coffee shop. For this reason, the employees had to be excellent team members and had to be above average in terms of customer relations. Unlike most companies today, Starbucks did not focus on profits only. The company takes seriously the virtue of good neighborhood. In the stores, it did not matter the customers background or their color of the skin. Starbucks focused on being good to the community at large and to bring together partners, customers, and the whole community. Starbucks strategies had a lot of impact on the performance of the company. It is normal for some companies

Crimnal Justice Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Crimnal Justice - Coursework Example This might be plausible given the hip-hop war tension that was between the west and east coast. Poole believes the hit was organized by Reggie Wright. The other fact is that after the murder a called was placed to the police accusing a rogue LAPD officer Mack. Police found a gun that matches the one was the used to kill Biggie in Mack’s home. He had a Tupac Shakur shrine. Most witnesses claim the murderer wore a blue jacket that was common for the Crips that provided security for a company that B.I.G owed money. Another witness disputed this claim by saying B.I.G did not use many bodyguards. The witnesses who could support the prosecution case are the ones who gave testimonies on the killer wear blue caps. All the witnesses who could describe the murder very well should join prosecution. The informant who claims Suge Knight Order the hit and the one who believes LAPD officer Mack was responsible for the shooting. The witness who disputes the shooter being a real Muslim should on the prosecution. He says, â€Å"He dressed like a Muslim but he was not a Muslim, he was a cop.† The trial process for the murder of Christopher Wallace should take long. The trial will begin by the prosecution presenting evidence to support claims that the death of Christopher Wallace is connected to the hip-hop war and a rogue LAPD Officer. The prosecution would present witness that can give clear testimonies to dispute theories that involve drugs and Muslim shooting. The opening statement for the prosecution would go like this, â€Å"It is unfortunate that today we are here to seek justice for the murder of Christopher Wallace. I call upon this court to act to let the family of the victim feel and understand that justice is real. The case is surrounded by so much controversy, but I am certain my team will produce enough evidence to help the court make the right decision.† The prosecution should focus on asking questions that seek to

Electronic Media Essay Example for Free

Electronic Media Essay Electronic media  are  media  that use  electronics  or  electromechanical  energy for the  end user  (audience) to access the content. This is in contrast to static media (mainly  print media), which are most often  created electronically, but dont require electronics to be accessed by the end user in the  printed  form. The primary electronic media sources familiar to the general public are better known as  video recordings,  audio recordings,  multimedia presentations,  slide presentations,  CD-ROM  and  Online  Content. Most  new media  are in the form of  digital media. However, electronic media may be in either  analog  or  digital  format. Although the term is usually associated with content recorded on a  storage medium, recordings are not required for live  broadcasting  and  online networking. Any equipment used in the  electronic communication  process (e. g. television,  radio,  telephone,  desktop computer,  game console,  handheld device) may also be considered electronic media. USES : Electronic media are ubiquitous in most of the developed world. As of 2005, there are reports of satellite receivers being present in some of the most remote and inaccessible regions of China. Electronic media devices have found their way into all parts of modern life. The term is relevant to  media ecology  for studying its impact compared to printed media and broadening the scope of understanding media beyond a simplistic aspect of media such as one delivery platform (e. g. the World Wide Web) aside from many other options.

Attachment, Cognitive and Language Development Influences

Attachment, Cognitive and Language Development Influences Introduction In this paper we will discuss the Case Study of Hannah G. We will look at different theories to Attachment, Cognitive and Language development. We will look at how parenting styles and influence in the marital system can influence a child. We will look at how genetics and environmental factors influence development, as well as a child temperament. Attachment theory Bowlby believes that attachment isn’t present at birth, it develops after the first nurture, comfort and protection the mother or the primary caregiver provides (Louw,Louw, Van Ede, 2012). Relationships with primary caregivers that involve emotional and affective engagement, has an impact on how a person perceive themselves, others, and the world (Reuther, 2013). Psychologist Harry Harlow also concluded through an experiment with mokeys and surrogate mothers that comfort and security plays an important role in the development of attachment. In the experiment, Harlow uses two surrogate mothers. Both mothers were made out of wire. Both mothers were equipped with feeding equipment. Only one of the mothers was covered in a soft cloth. The monkeys showed more interest in the clothed mother, they would go to the wire mother to suck on the bottle for food, and return to the clothed mother (Louw et al, 2012). Freud believes that â€Å"early experiences can have a long-term effect on personality development† (Shaffer, 1994,p.43). If we take Freud psychosexual stages we see that the oral stage may have an impact in the attachment between infant and mother or primary caregiver. During the first year the infant are spitting, chewing, sucking, and biting objects. Freud suggested that the sex instinct seek pleasure through the mouth. A baby’s basic pleasures, food, are pleasured through sucking on the mothers’ breast. When a baby is weaned off the mothers’ breast to early the person may later in life be over dependant on others (Shaffer, 1994). Erikson agrees with Freud that the mothers feeding process has an impact on the development of the child’s personality. However, Erikson believes that the mothers’ responsiveness to the infant is just as important as the feeding process. The child learns to trust trough the caregiver or mother who provided food, comfort, affection, and safety. If these needs are not met, the child learns that other people are not to be trusted. This takes place from birth to one year. Erikson calls it the Basic trust versus mistrust stage (Shaffer, 1994). Even though Erikson, Freud, Bowlby and Harlow has different views on the topic on attachment. They all have the same conclusion. For attachment to take place the infant needs has to be met by the mother or the caregiver. If there is an interruption in the attachment process, there may be long-term effects. Cognitive and language development Piaget described cognitive development as â€Å"an individual’s interaction with the environment† (Louw et al, 2012). Piaget argues that development perceives learning how we interpret the world through mental schemas allowing us to make sense of our environment. Learning happens when facing situations that our schema cannot process leading to disequilibrium. To equalise itself the mind simulates new information or adapt to using new skills. Piaget calls this the process of assimilating new information and skills into our pre-developed schema. Piaget believed that thought determines language. He believed that once children were able to think in a certain way they developed the language to the describe their thought (Louw et al, 2012). Vygotsky agrees with Piaget that learning happens by interacting with the environment. Vygotsky argued that learning proceeds development. He holds that our present stage of development is enhanced when confronted with new tasks, just out of reach of our present abilities. Vygotsky believed that language and thoughts are independent but they converge through development. He believed that children developed language through social interaction with adult who already know the language. Through that action they can connect these thoughts and the language they have learned (Louw et al, 2012). Bronfenbrenners Ecological theory suggest that a child’s development is determind by what they experience in their environments they spend time in. (Friedman Wachs, 1999)(Check pligarism). Emotional development Babies are able to â€Å"read† others emotions from a young age. Being able to distinguish others emotions is important for a baby’s social and emotional development, it has an impact on attachment bonds. As babies grow older the constantly seek approval or disapproval from people they trust. If a Mothers or primary caregivers are emotionally unavailable or only irregularly responsive to the infant or childs needs may result in an insecure attachment ( Zilberstein, 2013). Ethologists believe that an infant who were neglected, or parent who are inattentive will not develop a strong emotional attachment with their caregiver. This may lead the child to be shy and emotionally unresponsive to other people (Shaffer, 1994). Parenting Styles Marital system Uninvolved parents is parents who have rejected their children or who has their own personal issues to attend to than to attend to the child every need other that their basic needs, food and cloths (Kip Shaffer, 2009). Children of uninvolved parents may show signs of impulsiveness, antisocial, and have relational problems with others ( Louw et al, 2012). They might also be aggressive and have external behaviours such as temper tantrums (Kip Skaffer, 2009). Children become angrier and distress when parents cannot stop arguing. A child’s distress increases when the arguing between parents increases. â€Å"Children who observe intense and destructive conflicts between their parents suffered from emotional insecurity, depression, anxiety, behavior problems, relationship difficulties, and poor regulations, even years later† (Clarke-Sewart Parke, 2011, p. 190).. Parents who can resolve their problems in a respectful manner can teach the child to how to resolve conflict in a positive and respectful manner. â€Å"Children were most likely to have problems if their parents expressed anger frequently, intensely, physically, and without resolution†(Clarke-Stewart Parke, 2011, p. 190). Parents amicable marriages parenting style can be angry and instructive, children will in return act aggressively when interacting with the parent. They might even act aggressively towards other children (Clarke-Stewart Parke, 2011). Children’s social interaction develops by observing their parents.(Clarke-Stewart Parke, 2011). Bandura believes that observational learning is the most important learning method (Shaffer, 1994). Children simulate what they have observed. In the experiment with the Bobo dolls, children observed and learned the aggressive response adult shown towards the doll and they simulated the same aggression towards the doll. Not only do they learn to simulate this behaviour but children become emotionally aroused when watching people fight (Shaffer, 1994). Bandura suggested that aggressive behaviours that are maintained become habitual (Shaffer, 1994). Urie Bronfenbrenners Bioecological model refers to the effect the child has on the environment and the environment on the child, this includes reciprocal interactions between the developing child and other people, objects, and symbols in their immediate environment (Cockcroft et al, 1999). Being an only child and temperament Only children always wants to be the centre of attention. They tend to be possessive over their belongings and everything must go their way. Because they are the only sibling, they spend more time in adults’ company. Because they spend so many time in adult companies they tend to find it hard to socialise with their peer, they prefer socialising with adults (Rosemond, 2011). Only children have low tolerance for discomfort that caused by frustration, disappointments, boredom, and by being denied what that want. This is may result in tantrums of verbal of physical abuse. They lack empathy towards others; they are unable or are unwillingly to see that their behaviour affects others. They struggle to adapt to demands that are set by situations outside their immediate family. For example a school setting where are establishes social structures and recognised authority figures. They have a poor self-esteem and are chronically miserable, angry, and anxious (Mamen, 2006). A difficult child is a child who does not easily adapt to into daily routines or new environments. They cry a lot and has temper tantrums and is difficult to comfort. Deviant behaviour is a result of children who grows up in a home were marital problems persist. This happens when a child behaviour and environment influences compliments each other (Louw et al, 2012). Role of the media Bandura believies television violence enhances aggressive behaviour in children (Shaffer, 1994). Rowel Huesmann suggested that not only does television violence predict aggressiveness in children and adults but also their involvement in criminal activities (Shaffer, 1994, p. 495). We can see that conflict and aggression is a norm for Hannah. Hannah has learned and observed that the world is a violent place ant that interpersonal problems can be solved aggressively (Shaffer, 1994). Drabman and Thomas suggested that television violence may detach the viewers emotional reactions to aggressive episodes. This may lead to a person to lack strong empathic distress for the victims of aggression (Shaffer, 1994). Case Study Hanna Hannah has difficulty expressing herself and her feelings. This could be an indication that maybe there are an interruption in the development of her schemas of emotions. We learned that Hannah’s mother was unavailable for some time with depression, and this could have had an impact on how she developed socially. This could also imply that Hannah’s Schema of emotions aren’t developed well. The fact that her parents are uninvolved parent could also have an impact, as well as the parents’ marital problems. She was emotionally detached from her mother from birth and she grew up in a home were she was constantly exposed to aggression. This aggression is from the conflict between her parents and the aggression of television violence. The fact that Hannah finds it hard to make friend and bits or hits other children can be explained by many reasons, it can be because she has attachment issues, being away from her mother could have caused her to develop mistrust i n the world and other people. She might be trying to solve a problem in an aggressive as she had learned through her parents conflict and the television violence is that it is the only way to resolve conflict, as she hits and bits them. She might also find it hard to make friends because as we discussed she does not know how to connect with them in a social way because she exposed to adult company most of the time. Her parents marital problems has an impact on her having an antisocial behaviour. Hannah interact aggressively toward her parents, this could be either their uninvolved parenting styles or their marital conflict or it could be both. We see that Hannah has a difficult child temperament that is why they find it difficult to manage her. If we consider the bioecological model of Bronfenbrenner we can conclude that most of Hannah’s deviant behaviour is based on nurture. Nurture refers to the influences the environment has on a person’s characteristics. Conclusion We can conclude that there are many factors that can explain Hannah’s behaviour. The fact that she does not have a bond with her mother. The learned behaviours from her parents, as well as the television. Nurture plays a big role in Hannah’s development. We cannot just rely on one theory to explain a person’s development but rather consider all. Reference List Louw, A.E., Louw, D.A., Ven Ede, D.M (2012) Human Development (2nd ed.) Cape Town, South Africa. Kagiso Tertiary Clarke-Stewart,A., Parke, R,D.(2011) Social Development. Hoboken, NJ. John Wiley Sons Inc. Kip, K. Shaffer, D.R (2009) Developmental Psychology Adolenscence: Uninvolved Parenting (8th ed.) Beltmont USA. Cencage Learning Maman, M (2006) The pampered child syndrome: how to recognize it, how to manage it, and how to avoid it : A guide for parents and professionals. London, England. Maggie Mamen Reuther, B.T (2013) On our everyday being: Heidegger and attachment theory. E-Journal retrieved from: http://web.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?vid=4sid=6cc19ba4-d428-43b6-8a4f-f5d613962a5c%40sessionmgr115hid=125bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=pdhAN=2013-26844-001 Rosemond, J (2001) John Rosemonds: New Parent Power. USA. John Rosemond Shaffer, D.R (1994) Social and personality development (3rd ed.) Belmont Califonrnia. Wadsworth, Inc. Zilberstein, K (2013) The use of limitations of attachment theory in child psychotherapy/ practice view. E-Journal retrieved from http://web.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?vid=4sid=1876914d-d464-4c5e-919d-bbd00f71e893%40sessionmgr198hid=125bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=pdhAN=2013-03963-001